Managers’ attitudes to creativity and innovation practices in the creative industries

Authors

  • Fernando Cardoso Sousa CIEO/UAlg – Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics/University of the Algarve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-8273
  • Florbela Nunes Service worker of the IEFP – Employment and Professional Training Service - in Evora/Portugal.
  • Ileana Monteiro University of Algarve - School of Management, Hospitality and Tourism CIEO - Research Center for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics. University of the Algarve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-8918

Keywords:

Creativity, Innovation, Creative management, Creative Industries

Abstract

This article seeks to demonstrate that the relationship between entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards creativity and business innovation practices is stronger in the creative industries. A sample of 454 managers of micro and medium-sized companies – of which 94 belong to the creative industries – was surveyed by making an inventory of innovative business practices and applying a scale measuring attitudes towards creativity. The results were derived based on a linear regression model with two factors for the attitudes scale (i.e. leadership and autonomy) and for the inventory of business practices (i.e. performance and strategy). This research supported the initial theoretical proposition by confirming the influence of managers’ creative attitudes towards their company’s innovative, strategy-based practices, especially within the creative industries. Innovative managers appear to be disciplined individuals driven to collaborate with their employees. Although these findings require further study, they suggest that managers in the creative industries have noteworthy characteristics.

 

Author Biographies

  • Fernando Cardoso Sousa, CIEO/UAlg – Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics/University of the Algarve

    M.A. and PhD. in Organizational Psychology. President of the GAIM – Marketing Research Centre - and of APGICO – Portuguese Association for Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. Researcher at the CIEO/UAlg – Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics/University of the Algarve

  • Florbela Nunes, Service worker of the IEFP – Employment and Professional Training Service - in Evora/Portugal.

    PhD in Work and Organizational Psychology (UEvora). Service worker of the IEFP – Employment and Professional Training Service - in Evora/Portugal. Experience in vocational orientation and author and coauthor of articles of scientific and professional themes.

  • Ileana Monteiro, University of Algarve - School of Management, Hospitality and Tourism CIEO - Research Center for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics. University of the Algarve

    MA in Organizational Behavior and  PhD in Organizational Psychology, Adjunct Professor at ESGHT/UAlg  and researcher at the CIEO/UAlg – Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics/University of the Algarve, board member of  APGICO – Portuguese Association for Creativity and Innovation in Organizations.

References

Allport, G. (1992). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.). Handbook of social psychology. Worcester Mass: Clark University Press.

Amabile, T. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Armstrong, A. & Page, N. (2015). Creativity and constraint: Leadership and management in the UK creative industries. Hertfordshire: Ashridge Business School.

Basadur, M.S., e Basadur, T. (2012). Attitudes and creativity. In M. Runko e S. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Creativity (2nd Ed.). New York: Elsevier.

Bendassolli, P., Jr, T.W., Kirschbaum, C. & Cunha, M.P (2009). Industrias criativas: Definição, limites e possibilidades. Retrieved in 31 July, 2016 from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rae/v49n1/v49n1a03.pdf.

Bilton, C. (2007). Management and creativity: From creative industries to creative management. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Burns, T. & Stalker, G. (1996). The management of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Castells, Manuel. (2002). A Era da Informação: Economia, sociedade e cultura (Vol. 1). Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.

Caves, R. (2001). Creative Industries: Contracts between art and commerce. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Coakes, E. e Smith, P. (2007). Developing communities of innovation by identifying innovation champions. The International Journal of Knowledge and Organizational Learning Management, 14 (1), 74-85.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Society, culture and person: a systems view of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.). The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp. 325-340). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Cummings, L.L. e O’Connell, M.J. (1978). Organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 6, 33-50.

DCMS (2012). Creative industries facts and figures. Retirado, em 23 de Agosto, 2012, de http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/creative_industries/default.aspx

Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. New York: Harper e Row.

Eikhof, D. R. e Haunschild, A. (2006). Lifestyle Meets Market: Bohemian Entrepreneurs in Creative Industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 15 (3), 234-241.

Fleming, T. (Ed.) (2008). Estudo macroeconómico: Desenvolvimento de um cluster de indústrias criativas na região norte. Porto: Fundação de Serralves.

Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class. New York: Basic Books

Goodman, M. (1995). Creative management. New York: Prentice Hall.

Gomes, J., Rodrigues, F. & Veloso, A. (2015). Creativity at work: The role of context. In H. Shipton, P. Budhwar, P. Sparrow, P. & A. Brown (Eds.), Human Resource Management, Innovation and Performance (282-297). London, Palgrave Macmillan.

Hartley, J. (2005). Creative Industries. London: Blackwell.

Henry, C. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the creative industries: An international perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, Ltd.

Howell, J.M., e Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 891-902.

Howkins, J. (2001). The creative economy: How people make money from ideas. London: Allen Lane.

Kanter, R. (1983). The change masters. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Kasof, J. (1995). Explaining creativity: The attributional perspective. Creativity Research Journal, 8, 311-365.

Kilbourne, L. M., & Woodman, R. W. (1999). Barriers to organizational creativity. In R. E. Purser & A. Montuori (Eds.), Social creativity (Vol. 2). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.

Landry, C. (2003). The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. London: Penguin Press.

Mateus, A. (2010). Sector cultural e criativo em Portugal. Lisboa: Ministério da Cultura.

McAdam, R. e Keogh, W. (2004). Transitioning towards creativity and innovation measurement in SMEs. Creativity and Innovation Management, 13 (2), 126-139.

Mumford, M. (Ed.) (2012). Handbook of organizational creativity. USA: Academic Press.

Robinson, K. (2001). Out of our minds: Learning to be creative. UK: Capstone Publishing, Ltd.

Rogers, E. M. (1983) Diffusion of innovations (3rd Ed.) New York: The Free Press.

Spence, W. R. (1994). Innovation: The communication of change in ideas, practices and products. London: Chapman e Hall.

Stein, M. I. (1953). Creativity and culture. The journal of psychology, 36, 311-322.

Sternberg, R. J., e Lubart, T. (1996). Investing in creativity. American Psychologist, 51, 677-688.

Throsby, D. (2004).Economics and culture. Cambridge University

Tucker, R. B. (2008). Driving growth through innovation. San Francisco-Berret-Khoeler Publishers.

UNESCO (2008). Creative economy: Report 2008. Nova York: United Nation.

UNESCO (2010). Creative economy: Report 2010. Nova York: United Nation.

Vogel, T. & Wänke, M. (2016). Attitudes and attitude change. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Wilson, T. D. & Hodges, S. D. (1992). Attitudes as temporary constructions. In L.L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.). The construction of social judgements (pp. 37-65). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

West, M. A. & Farr, J. L. (1990). Innovation at work. In M. A. West & J.L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies (pp. 3-15). Chichester: Wiley & Sons.

Wilson, T. D. & Hodges, S. D. (1992) Attitudes as temporary constructions. In L.L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.). The construction of social judgements(pp. 37-65). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.

Woodman, R. W., & Schoenfeldt, T. (1989). Individual differences in creativity: An interactionist perspective. In Glover, J. A.,. Ronning, R. R & Reynolds, C. R.(Eds.). Handbook of Creativity (pp. 77-93). New York: Plenum Press.

Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 2, 293-321.

Downloads

Published

28.02.2019

Issue

Section

Applied Cultural Studies: Research Papers

How to Cite

Sousa, F. C., Nunes, F., & Monteiro, I. (2019). Managers’ attitudes to creativity and innovation practices in the creative industries. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 33-41. https://www.tmstudies.net/index.php/ectms/article/view/1062