Analysis of advertising effectiveness and usability in Travel 2.0 tools. An experimental study through eye-tracking technique

Authors

  • Francisco Muñoz-Leiva Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados Universidad de Granada http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-7525
  • Janet Hernández-Méndez Fac. Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad de Granada
  • Francisco J. Liébana-Cabanillas Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados. Universidad de Granada
  • Mauro Marchitto Cognitive Ergonomics Group, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada

Keywords:

Banner, eye-tracking, banner blindness, memory, Travel 2.0 tools

Abstract

The goal of this study is to analyze the type of navigation used with Travel 2.0
tools (travel blogs, profiles on social networks and online travel
communities), as well as the advertising efficacy of a banner on said sites. In
order to achieve these objectives, an experimental design with different eye
metrics and a self-administered questionnaire that each subject must
complete at the end of each test. The results of this study reveal the
following: i) the users’ viewing patterns depend on the Travel 2.0 tool used,
ii) the not existence of banner blindness in each Travel 2.0 tool, the age and
experience affect to the visual attention and greater advertising efficacy was
demonstrated in the case of Facebook and, finally, iii) the eye-tracking based
attention measures differ slightly from measures of self-reported memory

Author Biographies

  • Francisco Muñoz-Leiva, Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados Universidad de Granada

    Ph.D. in Business Sciences.

    Secretary of the Department of Marketing and Market Research.

    University of Granada

  • Janet Hernández-Méndez, Fac. Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad de Granada

    Ph.D. in Business Sciences.

    University of Granada

  • Francisco J. Liébana-Cabanillas, Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados. Universidad de Granada

    Ph.D. in Business Sciences.

    University of Granada

  • Mauro Marchitto, Cognitive Ergonomics Group, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada

    PhD in Experimental Psychology

    University of Granada

References

Abuín, N. (2008). La publicidad en periódicos electrónicos: Creación y evaluación de un modelo de eficacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved November, 13, 2014 From: http://eprints.ucm.es/7958/ .

Bayles, M. E. (2002). Designing online banner advertisements: Should we animate? In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Minneapolis, MN, April 2002, ACM Press, New York, 363-368.

Buhalis, D. & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet – The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4) 609-623.

Burke, M., Hornof, A., Nilsen, E. & Gorman, N. (2005). High-cost banner blindness: Ads increase perceived workload, hinder visual search, and are forgotten. ACM Transactions Computer-Human Interaction, 12(4), 423–445.

Castelluccio, M. (2004). How We Read Web Pages. Strategic Finance 53, Institute of Management Accountants Inc. Retrieved October, 31, 2010 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-127980114.html

Cheung, C.M., Chiu, P.Y. & Lee, M.K. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook?. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337-1343.

Chiou, W.B., Wan, C.S. & Lee, H.Y. (2008).Virtual experience vs. brochures in the advertisement of scenic spots: How cognitive preferences and order effects influence advertising effects on consumers. Tourism Management, 29(1), 146-150.

Crespo, E. (2011). Eficacia de la promoción de ventas on-line. Influencia del tipo de incentivo promocional y la experiencia de uso web. Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados. Universidad de Granada.

Dahlen, M. (2001). Banner advertisements through a new lens. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(4), 23-30.

Danaher, P. J., Mullarkey, G. W., & Essegaier, S. (2006). Factors affecting web site visit duration: A cross-domain analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), 182-194.

Djamasbi, S., Siegel, M. & Tullis, T. (2010a).Generation Y, web design, and eye tracking.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68(5), 307-323.

Djamasbi, S., Siegel M., Tullis, T., & Dai, R. (2010b). Efficiency, trust, and visual appeal: Usability testing through eye tracking. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on IEEE, (pp. 1-10), IEE, Hawaii.

Djamasbi, S., Siegel M. & Tullis, T. (2011). Visual hierarchy and viewing behavior: An eye tracking study. In Human-Computer Interaction. Design and Development Approaches, (pp. 331-340). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Drèze, X. & Hussherr F.X. (2003). Internet advertising: is anybody watching? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(4), 8-23.

Gong, W. &. Maddox, L.M. (2003). Measuring web advertising effectiveness in China.Journal of Advertising Research, 43(1), 34-49.

Goodrich, K. (2014). The gender gap: Brain- Processing sexes shape attitudes about online advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(1), 61-72.

Hernández-Méndez, J. & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2015). What type of online advertising is most effective for eTourism 2.0? An eye tracking study based on the characteristics of tourists. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 618-626.

Hernández-Méndez, J., Muñoz-Leiva, F., & Sánchez-Fernández, J. (2015). The influence of e-word-of-mouth on travel decision-making: consumer profiles. Current issues in tourism, 18(11), 1001-1021.

Hollis, N. (2005). Ten years of learning on how online advertising builds brand. Journal of Advertising Research, 45, 255-268.

Hsieh, Y.C. & Chen, K.H. (2011). How different information types affect viewer’s attention on internet advertising. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 935- 945.

IAB Spain Research & The Cocktail Analysis (2009). Claves sobre la Interacción visual con la publicidad web. Aplicación de la técnica eye tracking. Retrieved November, 10, 2014 From: http://www.iabspain.net/.

International Telecommunication Union, ITU (2002). Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures. ITU-R BT.500-11. Retrieved March, 12, 2012 From: http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.500/en .

León Sáez de Ybarra, J.L. (2009). Nuevos Soportes y mercados de la publicidad digital. Transiciones y experiencias. Pensar la Publicidad. Revista Internacional de Investigaciones Publicitarias, 3(2), 17-30.

Lindgaard, G., Fernandes, G., Dudek, C. & Brown, J. (2006). Attention web designers: You have 50 milliseconds to make a good first impression! Behaviour & Information Technology, 25(2), 115-126.

J. Hernández-Méndez, F. Muñoz-Leiva, F. Liébana-Cabanillas, M. Marchitto / Tourism & Management Studies, 12(2) 2016, 7-17

Lohtia, R., Donthu, N. & Yaveroglu, I. (2007). Evaluating the efficiency of Internet banner advertisements.Journal of Business Research, 60(4), 365-370.

Malhotra, N.K. (1997). Investigación de Mercados. Un enfoque práctico. 2ª ed., Prentice Hall Hispanoamericana, México.

Margarida, A. (2013). Do users look at banner ads on Facebook? Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 7(2), 119-139.

Mazman, S. G., Akbal, S., Tüzün, H., & Yeniad, M. (2010). Usability testing of departmental websites: A case study with authentic users and authentic tasks. Proccedings of ICERI2010 Conference, 15th-17th November 2010, Madrid.

Mendes-Filho, L. A. M., & Tan, F. B. (2008). An overview on User-Generated Content and the empowerment of Online Travellers. FARN Journal, 7(2), 17-30.

Muñoz-Leiva, F., Hernández-Méndez, J. & Sánchez-Fernández, J. (2012). Generalising user behaviour in online travel sites through the Travel 2.0 website acceptance model. Online Information Review, 36(6), 879 – 902.

Namahn (2001). Use eye tracking for usability testing. Research Document, TechGig, Bussels, 1-12.

Nielsen, J. (2006). F-shaped pattern for Reading web content. Retrieved November, 11, 2014 From: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/

Nielsen, J. (2007). Banner blindness: old and new findings. Retrieved November, 11, 2014 From: http://www.nngroup.com/articles/banner-blindness-old-and-new-findings/

Nielsen (2014). The digital consumer. Retrieved November, 11, 2014 From: http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/reports-downloads/2014%20Reports/the-digital-consumer-report-feb-2014.pdf

Noton, D. & Stark, L. (1971). Eye movements and visual perception. Scientific American, 224, 34-43.

Owens, J. W., Chaparro, B.S. & Palmer, E.M. (2011). Text advertising blindness: the new banner blindness? Journal of Usability Studies, 6(3), 172-197.

Öz, M. (2015). Social media utilization of tourists for travel-related purposes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(5), 1003-1023.

Pan, B., & Zhang, L. (2010). An eyetracking study on online hotel decisionmaking: The effects of images and number of options. Travel and TourismResearch, Association Annual Conference, San Antonio, June 20-22.

Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in Reading and information processing: 20 years of Research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372-422.

Russo, J. E. (1978). Eye fixations can save the World: A critical evaluation and a comparison between eye fixation and other information processing methodologies. Advances in Consumer Research, 5(1), 561-570.

San José Cabezudo, R., Gutiérrez, A.M., & Gutiérrez, J. (2004). Determinantes de la eficacia publicitaria del sitio web. Una aplicación del ELM. Revista Española de Investigación de Marketing. ESIC, 8(2), 93-121.

Shrestha, S. & Lenz, K. (2007). Eye gaze patterns while searching vs. browsing a Website. Usability News, 9(1), 1-9.

Thorbjørnsen, H., Supphellen, M., Nysveen, H., & Egil, P. (2002). Building brand relationships online: a comparison of two interactive applications. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(3), 17-34.

Van Trijp, H.C. (2009). Consumer understanding and nutritional communication: Key issues in the context of the new EU legislation. European Journal of Nutrition, 48, 1, 41-48.

Wedel, M. & Pieters, R. (2008). A Review of Eye-Tracking Research in Marketing, in Naresh K. Malhotra (ed.), Review of Marketing Research, vol. 4 (pp.123 – 147), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Armonk, NY (USA).

Yaveroglu, I. & Donthu, N. (2008). Advertising repetition and placement issues in on-line environments. Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 31-43.

Zikmund, William G. (2003). Fundamentos de investigación de mercados. Thomson, Madrid.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

10.01.2024

Issue

Section

Tourism/Hospitality: Research Papers

How to Cite

Muñoz-Leiva, F., Hernández-Méndez, J., Liébana-Cabanillas, F. J., & Marchitto, M. (2024). Analysis of advertising effectiveness and usability in Travel 2.0 tools. An experimental study through eye-tracking technique. Tourism & Management Studies, 12(2), 7-17. https://www.tmstudies.net/index.php/ectms/article/view/848

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>